Topics of interest:

1. The Hayward Fault 

2. The Transitional Segment of the San Andreas Fault at Parkfield

3. The Apennines 

This session focuses on case studies of earthquake research on three fault zones, the partially coupled Hayward fault zone in the San Francisco Bay Area that appears ready for its next major earthquake rupture, the Parkfield section located in a transition zone from aseismic to seismic faulting along the San Andreas fault, and the Apennines fault system featuring complex 3D setting and interactions of multiple recent earthquake ruptures. In all three areas, interdisciplinary geophysical and geological studies have documented the interplay of large and small earthquakes, seismic and aseismic fault slip, and inter-, co-, and post-seismic phases of the earthquake cycle. Geophysical and geological observations across these fault zones at multiple scales allow us to explore fundamental aspects of active faulting. In this session, we welcome results from field, lab, and modeling studies of these three fault zones to address the multi-scale deformation mechanisms involved in active faulting. 

1. Kinematics and dynamics  of earthquake ruptures and faulting, and scaling of source parameters

2. Laboratory experiments on rock and earthquake mechanics

3. Creeping faults and slow slip episodes - examples in CA and Italy

4. Repeating earthquakes, non-volcanic tremor and the spectrum of fault slip behaviors

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This session focuses on the study of earthquake mechanics and faulting from various aspects, including modeling multidisciplinary data to constrain source processes and parameters, performing high-performance computing simulations of dynamic earthquake ruptures, and conducting and interpreting laboratory experiments on fault friction, fracture, and constitutive relations governing dynamic instabilities. Modern multidisciplinary observing systems in Northern California and Italy have collected data from millions of earthquakes with varying sizes. The variability of earthquake rupture processes, spanning a wide range of magnitudes and diverse tectonic environments, poses a challenge to achieving a unified understanding of earthquake physics. Meanwhile, earthquake dynamic rupture simulations use fault constitutive relations that require further evaluation via laboratory experiments. This session seeks to delve into the kinematic and dynamic processes of earthquake ruptures. including the fault zone response to stress loading, the imaging of earthquake rupture processes, the factors controlling the initiation, propagation and termination of earthquake ruptures, the effect of earthquake rupture on post seismic processes, and the scaling relations of earthquake source parameters.

The session also aims at discussing recent advances in natural and experimental faults as well as on the source properties of natural and induced earthquakes. This session invites contributions focusing on the dynamics and mechanics of source processes from earthquakes of all sizes in Italy and Northern California. We encourage interdisciplinary submissions that synthesize observations from multidisciplinary data, laboratory experiments, theoretical studies, and numerical simulations and shed light on the physics of earthquake sources.

Topics of interest:

1. Faulting sequences;

2. Geothermal energy extraction;

3. Carbon sequestration.

This session primarily focuses on fluid-fault interaction processes for further understanding of what conditions lead to triggered and induced earthquakes. Pulses of crustal pore-fluid pressure may trigger seismic failure by reducing a fault’s shear strength, and fluid diffusion-driven seismic sequences are observed in many regions of the world (e.g., the Apennines). Recent works suggest that the entire Amatrice-Visso-Norcia-Capitignano sequence of 2016 was a fluid diffusion-driven cascade of multiple mainshocks, and that all the mainshocks occurred after 24 August 2016 were triggered by intermittent episodes of fluid migration, with a clear preparatory phase before each main event. Energetic earthquake swarms have also been observed in California, such as the 2015 San Ramon case, and previous works have also demonstrated that earthquake swarms at volcanoes and hydrothermal regions are also mainly controlled by fluid pressure transients interacting with preexisting faults. Two key aspects are: (i) whether fluid diffusion phenomena are detectable in quasi-real time as the seismic sequence unfolds, and (ii) what physical processes are controlling fluid-faulting interactions at seismogenic depth.

Similar fluid-faulting interactions of triggered and induced seismicity represent one of the potential environmental impacts of geothermal energy extraction caused by the injection or withdrawal of fluids from the ground. Of specific interest is the geothermal field of The Geysers, located in Northern California, which is one of the largest geothermal extraction in the world. Other locations of interest may include the Coso and Salton Sea geothermal fields (California), as well as other locations like Larderello (Italy). Finally, microseismicity induced by fluid-driven faulting at carbon sequestration sites is also one of the potential environmental impacts. 

In this session we welcome results from investigations on the role of fluid diffusion in a variety of geological settings including active faulting systems and geothermal reservoirs: from fluid diffusion-driven seismic sequences, to induced seismicity.

Topics of interest:

1. Monitoring temporal variations in crustal properties

2. Realtime earthquakehazard information and earthquake early warning- EEW

3. Connection between scientists and disaster risk managers

This session will focus on translating our expanding knowledge of the earthquake cycle into actionable information that can be used to reduce earthquake hazard and impacts.  We hope to take a broad perspective. We welcome contributions related to: (1) Long-term monitoring of physical properties of the crust and fault zones in an effort to recognize late-stage elements of the seismic cycle and increasing earthquake risk.  (2) Real-time detection and characterization of earthquakes and their impacts for earthquake early warning.  (3) Rapid post-earthquake quantification of earthquake impacts including deformation from GNSS and InSAR, strong ground shaking (ShakeMaps), and other earthquake impacts. We hope this session will stimulate conversations between scientists, engineers and disaster risk managers on opportunities for more effective risk mitigation. 

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